EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO 50 Hz, 5 mTESLA MAGNETIC FIELD ON SEX HORMONE STATUS IN MALE RATS
Yasser
Moustafa
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
author
Randa
Mostafa
Department of Physiology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Benha, Egypt
author
Fadel
Ali
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
The question of whether extremely low frequency magnetic fields can affect biological system, has attracted attention by many research groups for quite some time. Still today, the theoretical possibility of such an interaction is often questioned and the site of interaction is unknown. In the present study, the influence of Extremely low frequency magnetic field of 50 Hz, 5 mTesla on sex hormone status in male rats was studied. 60 male albino rats, divided into 6 groups of 10 animals each. Animal groups were continuously exposed to 50 Hz, 5 mTesla magnetic field generated by magnetic field chamber for periods of one week, two weeks and four weeks. For each experimental point, sham treated group was used as a control. Assay of serum testosterone hormone, Lutenizing Hormone(LH), Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin hormone were performed. Serum testosterone hormone level showed no significant changes, serum FSH showed significant increased than sham exposed group only after 1 week magnetic field exposure, serum LH showed significant increase than sham exposed group only after 4 weeks magnetic field exposure while serum prolactin hormone level showed significant increase in all magnetic field exposed groups than sham exposed animals. We conclude that exposure to 50 Hz, 5 mTesla magnetic field for periods of 1,2 and 4 weeks has no effect on testosterone level, some changes on FSH and LH serum levels and increase in serum prolactin level.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
187
191
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65419_753650a564b42112cf05ac1b10195153.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65419
NEW 1,4-DISUSTITUTED-6-HYDROXYPERHYDRO-1,4-DIAZEPINE2,3-DIONE DERIVATIVES
A.
Abuel-Magd
Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
author
A.
El-Shorbagi
Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
author
M.
Hussein
Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
author
M.
Hamdy
Deptartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut-71526, Egypt
author
A.
Abdel-Alim
Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
author
text
article
2004
eng
A series of 1,4-disubstituted-6-hydroxyperhydro-1,4-diazepine-2,3-diones were designed and synthesized through the reaction of epichlorohydrin with an excess of the appropriate primary amine. The resulting secondary diamine derivatives were allowed to react with diethyl oxalate to afford the target compounds in good yields. Structures of the target compounds were verified on the basis of spectral and elemental methods of analysis. Twelve new derivatives were subjected to preliminary pharmacological screening regarding their CNS depressant activity such as sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant as well as muscle relaxant activities, in addition to evaluation of the hypotensive activity of some representative compounds. Most of the tested compounds gave high percentage reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) compared with diazepam. Concerning the rota-rod coordination test, mice cannot remain on the rod more than 20 seconds in comparison with the reference drug used indicating a good muscle relaxant activity of the test compounds. Moreover, these compounds gave 100% protection against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions with a rapid onset of action. On the other hand, most of the test compounds gave mild to comparable reduction in blood pressure in comparison to that produced by using propranolol. Moreover, the acute toxicity (LD50) test was carried out for only one representative compound.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
193
202
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65445_5a2497c57f63d05d2b9fccf9cb998c8a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65445
INFLUENCE OF SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ON THE ABSORPTIVE CLEARANCE OF RANITIDINE HCl FROM RABBIT INTESTINE
Mohammed
Osman
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy,Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, E. mail: mosman4444@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2004
eng
Ranitidine HCl is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist reducing gastric acid secretion under daytime and nocturnal basal conditions. Ranitidine HCl is 50% absorbed after oral administration. This research was undertaken in order to examine the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate, and butyrate on the absorptive clearance of ranitidine HCl as a function of intestinal site (jejunoileum vs ascending-colon). A "through-and-through" in situ intestinal perfusion technique was adopted using the rabbit as an animal model. Coperfusion of either sodium acetate, sodium propionate, or sodium butyrate, 25 mM each, along with ranitidine HCl, 0.2 mM, allowed for an examination of increased solvent drag on intestinal permeability of this compound in both anatomical sites. The results show that ranitidine HCl is absorbed from rabbit jejunoileum as well as the ascending-colon, however the value of the absorptive clearance of this compound normalized to the intestinal length PeA/L in the ascending-colon was almost double that in the jejunoileum. A strong correlation was found between the absorptive clearance and the net water flux in both segments suggesting that the mechanism of ranitidine HCl absorption apparently consists of passive diffusion via the paracellular pathway. The negative value of anatomical reserve length ARL in both segments reflects the incomplete absorption of this compound. SCFAs had a significant effect on increasing the absorptive clearance of ranitidine HCl in both segments studied. This effect was in the order butyrate > propionate > acetate. However there was no statistical difference between the effect of butyrate and propionate. The permeability enhancing effect of SCFAs was much higher in the ascending-colon, this could be attributed to the higher Na+, Cl , and water influx in this segment. In conclusion, marked segmental differences in the absorption of ranitidine HCl are apparent in the rabbit small and large intestine which could be significantly enhanced by the use of SCFAs
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
203
214
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65443_0a1f829182e4003a8c1c4e7d5de31e88.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65443
STABILITY INDICATING SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND DENSITOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ENROFLOXACIN AND FLUMEQUINE
Ola
Abd Allah
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail: olamody@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2004
eng
Two methods were developed for the determination of intact enrofloxacin (ER) and flumequine (FQ) in presence of their degradation products. In the first method, ER and FQ were determined using first derivative ratio spectrophotometric technique (1DD) at 290 nm and 260 nm in the ranges of 1-12 μg ml-1 and 2-14 μg ml-1, respectively. The second method depends on the quantitative densitometric evaluation of thin-layer chromatograms of both drugs. Good linearities were obtained in the range of 1.5-4 μg ml-1 and 4-14 μg ml-1 for ER and FQ respectively. The proposed procedures retained their accuracy in the presence of up to 70% degradation products for the two drugs. The results obtained by applying the proposed methods were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by reported methods.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
215
222
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65447_6421a972ce885cf1b31835eabbbc6681.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65447
INVESTIGATION OF POLAR SURFACE AREA AS A NOVEL PARAMETER AFFECTING ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS
Mohammed
Osman
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
author
Gamal
El Maghraby
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
author
Mohsen
Hedaya
Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
College of Pharmacy,Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
Fast and reliable prediction of intestinal absorption is a key factor in drug design. Newparameters for this prediction have been introduced recently. These included the hydrogenbonding capacity and the polar surface area (PSA). High PSA accounted for poor oralabsorption and vice versa. Here we are investigating the significance of PSA in intestinalabsorption of a series of lipophilic steroidal model drugs. These included; Betamethasonvalerate (BMV), Betamethasone (BM), prednisone (PD) and methyltestosterone (MT), with PSAvalues of 100.9, 94.83, 91.67 and 37.3 Å, respectively. An in situ intestinal perfusion techniquewas employed using the rabbit as model animal. The study investigated drug absorption fromthe jejunoileum and ascending colon. The results revealed good absorption from both segmentsfor all tested drugs except PD which was absorbed from the jejunoileum only. Poor correlationwas evident between the absorptive clearance and the net water flux in both segmentssuggesting mainly a trans-cellular absorption of these compounds. The percentage fractionabsorbed (%Fa) was in the order of BMV > MT > BM > PD with the later showing negligibleabsorption from the ascending colon. These results did not correlate with the calculated PSAvalues. Accordingly, the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) was considered. The log Pvalues were, 3.6, 3.36, 1.94 and 1.46 for BMV, MT, BM and PD, respectively. These valuescorrelated with the %Fa values. However, it should be noted that the recorded colonicabsorption is against expectation for such lipophilic drugs. In conclusion PSA failed to correlate with the oral absorption of the lipophilic steroids. Although log P correlated well withthe absorption of these compounds especially with jejunoileum segment it is advisable not torely on single factor for predicting oral bioavailability.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
223
235
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65451_6868bd8f35128de0caf3e38fc0b0a220.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65451
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW QUINOLINE AND 1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-b]QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Monir
Amin
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohammed
Ismail
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Saber
Barakat
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, Egypt
author
Ashraf
Abdul-Rahman
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, Egypt
author
Ashraf
Bayomi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, Egypt
author
Kamal
El-Gamal
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
Vilsmeier formylation of acetanilide I followed by treatment with hydroxylamine produced2-chloroquinoline-3-carbonitrile II that was condensed with different amines to give 2-substituted aminoquinolines-3-carbonitriles III. Treatment of II with thiourea yielded 2-mercaptoquinoline-3-carbonitrile IV, which was converted to its potassium salt V that wascondensed with some chloroacetate esters to produce 2-substituted thioquinoline-3-carbonitriles VI. Hydrazinolysis of II or IV gave 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-3-ylamine VII.Condensation of VII with different aryl aldehydes resulted in the corresponding imines VIII.Treatment of VII with p-chloro-benzoyl chloride afforded the amide IX. Some of the synthesizedcompounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
237
245
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65452_960adbec1a820c4053033663174b83af.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65452
MACRO- AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF CENTAURIUM PULCHELLUM (Sw.) DRUCE GROWING IN EGYPT
M.
A. El-Shanawany
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
author
M.
H. Mohamed
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University
author
A.
A. Khalifa
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
author
M.
A. Abd-Allah
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2004
eng
The detailed macro-and micromorphological characters of the stem, leaf, root and flower of Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce growing in Egypt have been studied in order to find out the diagnostic features which can help in their identification in both entire and powdered forms.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
247
267
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_156602_c77d84aa1c8f251ccd96a1669a485e4b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.156602
APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION AND DERIVATIVE ANALYSIS IN THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SOME ASCORBIC ACID PHARMACEUTICAL MIXTURES
Ibrahim
Refaat
Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University,Assiut, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
Two chemometric assisted spectrophotometric methods; multivariate calibration and zerocrossingfirst derivative analysis were applied for the determination of ascorbic acid (vitaminC) in its single pharmaceutical formulations and its simultaneous determination in mixtureswith either acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), salicylamide or dipyrone (novalgin). The componentsof the three mixtures show a considerable degree of spectral overlapping. Resolution of thebinary mixtures under investigation has been accomplished by using classical least squares(CLS) or by using the first derivative analysis. Good recoveries were obtained by both methods.In the CLS determintions, the recoveries for the first mixture were 98.761.24 and 98.521.48for ascorbic acid and acetyl salicylic acid respectively. In the second mixture, the recoverieswere 100.38 0.38 and 100.630.63 for ascorbic acid and salicylamide respectively. In thethird mixture, the recoveries were 100.480.48 and 98.53 1.47 for ascorbic acid and dipyronerespectively. On application of the first derivative method, the recoveries were 97.762.24 and98.601.40 for ascorbic acid and acetyl salicylic acid mixtures; 102.60 2.60 and 100.38 0.38for ascorbic acid and salicylamide; 98.531.47 and 99.28 0.72 for ascorbic acid and dipyronemixtures. Wavelengthes are given at which ascorbic acid and either of the three combineddrugs were simultaneously determined by the first derivative spectrophotometry. The mixtureswere simultaneously determined in many commercial dosage forms with high accuracy withoutinterference from the commonly encountered excipients. Good agreement was found betweenresults obtained with the two suggested methods and those obtained by the reportedpharmacopoeial methods.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
269
280
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65453_916b8857e9f85175e2802f5d2f922b6e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65453
COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF FAMOTIDINE WITH SOME PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES
A.
Ibrahim
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
author
M.
Hassan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
author
M.
Abd El-Mohsen
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
author
S.
El-Shanawany
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
Famotidine is a member of H2-receptor antagonist drug, which pharmacological actionprimarily involves antagonism of the action of histamine at its H2-receptors. The incompatibilitybetween famotidine and some commonly used tablet excipients was studied. The investigationwas made on Avicel PH 105, Emcocel 90, starch 1500 (Sta-Rx 1500), Emdex, sorbitol,mannitol, cross linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Ac-Di-sol), PEG6000,hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) (natrosol) and saccharin sodium. The investigation is made byDSC, IR and X-ray diffraction analysis. The DSC analysis indicated that there was nointeraction between famotidine with Emcocel 90, Avicel PH 105, starch 1500, Ac-Di-sol,mannitol, HEC (natrosol) and saccharin sodium. On the other hand DSC indicated anincompatibility between famotidine and sorbitol, Emdex and PEG6000. The study of IRindicated the interaction between famotidine and PEG6000. X-ray diffraction study was carriedout on excipients that showed possible interaction with famotidine during the DSCinvestigations. Only interaction between famotidine, Emdex and PEG6000 was confirmed.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
281
291
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65454_069bec10e6676586c1b5694318a2a335.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65454
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VIVO EVALUATION OF BUCCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE
Gamal
El-Gindy
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egyp
author
text
article
2004
eng
Controlled-released buccoadhesive tablets of verapamil hydrochloride (VH) wereobtained by incorporation of VH in suitable carrier systems standardised based on bioadhesionand dissolution. The carrier systems were formulated using carbomor 974P (CP974P) andhydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) or sodiumalginate or guar gum as the bioadehsives. Mannitol and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000)were used as solubilizers singly or in combination. The effect of polymer concentration on therelease profile and in-vitro bioadhesion of the matrix tablets was studied. Tablet formulationswith carbomor 974P (5%), in combination with sodium alginate (20%) or HPMC (20%) showed98% or 79% drug release, respectively after 6 h. The dissolution rate of the drug decreased byincreasing CP974P concentration. Controlled-release buccoadhesive tablets containing VHwere prepared and evaluated in order to achieve constant plasma concentrations duringtreatment of chronic hypertension and to improve the bioavailability of VH by the avoidance ofhepatic first-pass metabolism. Pharmacological parameters and plasma concentration timecurves obtained following buccal administration to rabbits of buccoadhesive tablets showedevidence of sustained release of VH. Bioavailability of VH was approximately two times thatachieved after oral administraion of commercial tablets. The formulations were compared usingpharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, Cmax and Tmax values.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
293
306
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65455_8fb2756c751cdd42f5a7add2701b4204.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65455
LIFESTYLE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AND THEIR DRUG COMPLIANCE
A.
Naddaf
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra University, Amman, Jordan, P.O. Box 8, Jordan, 11622
author
text
article
2004
eng
Hypertension is increasing at an alarming rate in Jordan. The present study was donewith the help of 100 hypertensive Jordanian patients. A questionnaire designed specifically forthis new study in Jordan was used. The independent variables were: patient background andlifestyle, clinical findings, medications used, alternative therapies and drug compliance. Theresults were analyzed thoroughly and the findings showed that family history, smoking, stress,obesity, age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and sedentary lifestyle were the major concomitant riskfactors among hypertensive patients. The proportion of each antihypertensive drug prescribedby physicians was mentioned. Such result serve as a reference for physicians, pharmacists, drugmanufacturers, and drug distributors, in order to find the place of any studied drug either in thetherapy or in the drug marketing in Jordan.Conclusions: The increase in prevalence of hypertension in Jordan was associated withaging, stress factors, obesity and a more sedentary lifestyle. Recommendations on basis of theresults were made and the Jordanian health care providers, particularly pharmacists, wereasked to improve their roles in the health care team, by counseling patients and providingoptimal information in order to reduce the development of hypertension and its complications.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
307
314
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65456_10720baa43e4805525be8d72d41d799c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65456
SIMPLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF TRIMETAZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Osama
Abdelmageed
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods have beendescribed for the determination of trimetazidine dihydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms. Thefirst method depends on ion pair complexation between the cited drug with two dyes; tropaeloin000 and methyl orange in aqueous medium. All variables affecting the formation of complexwere studied and optimized. The coloured products of the drug with tropaeloin 000 and methylorange were measured at 490 nm and 422 nm respectively, after extraction with chloroform.Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges 4-20 μg ml-1 and 2-12 μg ml-1 for tropaeloin000 and methyl orange respectively. The spectrofluorimetric method depends on thecondensation of malonic acid and acetic anhydride under the catalytic effect of trimetazidinedihydrochloride. The condensation product gave two emission maxima measured at 452 nm (λex393 nm) and 470 nm (λex 428 nm). Variables affecting this condensation reaction were studiedand optimized. At both maxima of emission good correlation was observed in the range 40-200ng ml-1. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of the cited drugin tablet dosage form without interference from common encountered additives. Percentagerecoveries ranged from 98.9% to 99.7% in bulk and 96.9% to 98.3% in tablet dosage formsanalysis.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
315
323
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65459_42273d1f30d2e9c8acd79b72f5748f06.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65459
ADSORPTION OF PARACETAMOL ON ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
Syed
Hassan
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
author
Khalid
Hussain
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
author
Syed
Raza
Department of Pharmaceutic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Allama Iqbal
Campus, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
author
Nisar-
Rehman
Department of Pharmacy, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
author
text
article
2004
eng
In Vitro studies were carried out to investigate the adsorption activity of activatedcharcoal for paracetamol powder and tablets at pH 7.5. The effect of alcohol 6% (v/v) andmethionine 0.1 (M) on the adsorption activity of activated charcoal for paracetamol was alsoinvestigated at pH 7.5 using charcoal to drug ratios as 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1. The adsorptionof paracetamol is fast and is 95.6% in 30 minutes. There was no effect on adsorption due topresence of alcohol 6% while methionine 0.1M has little effect on the adsorption ofparacetamol as methionine competes for binding sites.It is concluded that activated charcoal is effective in adsorbing paracetamol. Methionine(sulphydryl) compound can be used as an antidote along with activated charcoal because of itsnegligible effect on adsorption of paracetamol.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
325
330
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65460_edd62ec750480be5620aee241ec9bb0d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.65460
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE MOLLUSCICIDAL, MIRACIDICIDAL AND CERCARICIDAL PROPERTIES OF TWO EGYPTIAN PLANTS
M.
M. Abdel-Gawad
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute,
Warrak El-Hadar, Giza, Egypt
author
M.
M. El-Sayed
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute,
Warrak El-Hadar, Giza, Egypt
author
H.
A El-Nahas
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute,
Warrak El-Hadar, Giza, Egypt
author
E.
S. Abdel-Hameed
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute,
Warrak El-Hadar, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2004
eng
Screening the aqueous suspensions of the dry powders of 50 Egyptian plants against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt, revealed that the fruits of Sapindus saponaria Burm. (Family Sapindaceae) as well as the leaves and stems of Buddleia asiatica Lour. (Family Loganiaceae) have high molluscicidal activities (LC90= 90 and 180 ppm for the two plants respectively) after 24 hours exposure times. Also, the petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of each plant were separately tested against the same snail species. Results showed that methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of S. saponaria have activities whereas only the methanol extract of B. asiatica was active. Different ages of snails showed variable susceptibility towards the methanol extracts of both plants. Phytochemical investigation of the two plants was carried out and revealed that saponins are the major constituents in both plants so it may be responsible for the molluscicidal effectiveness of the two plants. To confirm this conclusion, the crude saponins of each of the two plants were prepared and they recorded very strong potency against B. alexandrina at 19 and 11 ppm. Also, the larvicidal potencies of the methanolic extract of each plant was tested against S. mansoni cercariae and miracidia. B. asiatica extract was lethal to both larvae at 90 ppm while 45 ppm of S. saponaria was not larvicidal at this concentration. However none of the methanol extracts of the two plants inhibited the hatchability of S. mansoni ova. Now, the two plants will be submitted to different chromatographic techniques to separate their active ingredients.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
1110-0052
27
v.
2
no.
2004
331
339
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_156603_6d110d58e35049853a5d53a455368d2f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2004.156603