@article { author = {Hassan, M. and Ibrahim, A. and Abd El-Mohsen, M. and El-Shanawany, S.}, title = {FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAMOTIDINE SUBLINGUAL TABLETS}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {149-157}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65281}, abstract = {Formulation of famotidine, rapidly disintegrated sublingual tablets, by direct compression was carried out. Fifteen tablets formulae were made in order to obtain suitable non-friable formulae, with disintegration time less than one minute and average crushing strength of 2-4 kg/cm2. The excipients used in the different formulae are Avicel pH101, sorbitol, mannitol, lactose anhydrous, Ac-Di-Sol, magnesium strearate and saccharin sodium. The formulae prepared were tested for the effect of certain excipients on the hardness, friability and disintegration time. Tablets of 20 mg famotidine from the formulated and commercial oral dosage forms were administered to five healthy volunteers participated in the study using a balanced cross-over design. Comparison of the mean urinary excretion rate obtained after administration of both dosage forms indicated that in both cases, the time taken to reach peak occurred at a mid point of 1.5 hours. Comparison of the cumulative amounts excreted in the urine after administration of famotidine in the two different dosage forms revealed that about 5.49±1.06 mg of the administered dose (20 mg) was recovered unchanged in the urine during 12 hours following sublingual tablets administration. This value was found to be higher than that excreted after administration of Pepcid® oral tablets (4.61±0.65 mg) during the same period of time. Statistical analysis of the difference at P= 0.05, revealed non-significant difference in the urinary excretion rate obtained of the two different dosage forms. On the other hand, a significant difference was found to exist in the total cumulative amount of famotidine excreted in the urine at 2 and 6 hours from both dosage forms. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference in AUC0-12 between the two dosage forms.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65281.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65281_cfec16fdfd2980205ad7165b6fe4c5c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Osman, M. and El Maghraby, G. and Hedaya, M.}, title = {INTESTINAL ABSORPTION AND PRESYSTEMIC DISPOSITION OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE IN THE RABBIT: EVIDENCE FOR SITEDEPENDENT ABSORPTIVE CLEARANCE}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {159-168}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65282}, abstract = {Sildenafil citrate is the first oral treatment of erectile dysfunction. Its oral bioavailability is about 40%. This research characterized the intestinal transport parameters of sildenafil citrate in rabbit using in situ intestinal perfusion technique. This was studied in four different anatomical sites, namely duodenum, jejunoileum, ascending-colon, and rectum. The results revealed the highest absorptive clearance in the jejunoileum. The values of permeability area product normalized to segment length (ml/min cm) were 0.0101, 0.0063, 0.0059 and 0.0023 and those of percentage absorbed were 67.95, 32.27, 23 and 5.03 in jejunoileum, duodenum, ascending colon, and rectum respectively. The values of the length (cm) required for complete absorption were 87.58, 137.23, 153.27, and 384.09 for each segment in the same order. The absorptive clearance did not correlate with the net water flux in the four anatomical regions studied, indicating mainly passive diffusion mechanism through transcellular pathway. The plasma sildenafil concentrations achieved during intestinal perfusion experiments and sildenafil total body clearance in rabbit were used to calculate the fraction of sildenafil that reached the systemic circulation relative to the amount disappeared from the intestinal segment. Only 34% of sildenafil disappeared from the intestinal segment appeared in the systemic circulation indicating that the presystemic elimination of slidenafil is 66%. These results confirm that the incomplete bioavailability of sildenafil is mainly due presystemic elimination.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65282.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65282_728c7c3b8cf893be56c27f1fb13daee5.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Nahas, H. and Abdel-Hameed, E. and Sabra, A. and El-Wakil, E.}, title = {STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES OF FURCRAEA SELLOEA AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AGAINST DIFFERENT SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI STAGES}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {169-183}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65283}, abstract = {Furcraea selloea C. Koch dry powder (Family Agavaceae) was subjected to a bioassayguided fractionation technique to isolate the active constituents responsible for the potency of this plant. The antischistosomal impact of different extracts of the leaves of F. selloea was screened against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms in vitro using a well established culture media. The methanol extract of the plant showed the highest activity as S. mansoni worms recorded 100% mortality at 50 μg/ml after 24 hours. Owing to the high potency of the crude saponins obtained from the methanolic extract (100% mortality at 20 μg/ml),it was submitted to chromatographic separation using silica gel and Sephadex columns as well as preparative thin layer chromatography. Three steroidal saponins (I-III) were isolated and their structures were elucidated using some spectroscopic and chemical methods as follows: 6-O -Dglucopyranosyl (1  4) -D-glucopyranoside chlorogenin (I), 3-O -D-glucopyranosyl-(1  4) -D-glucopyranoside crestagenin (II) and 3-O -D-glucopyranosyl-(1  3) -D- glucopyranosyl-(1  3) -D-xylopyranoside gloriogenin (III). Bioassay screening of the isolated saponins (I-III) were carried out against certain Schistosoma mansoni stages. Compound III only proved to possess antischistosomal activity against S. mansoni worms at concentration as low as 5 μg/ml, while compounds I and II were inactive. Also, test against B. alexandrina snails revealed that only saponin III has high molluscicidal activity (LC90 = 6 ppm) whereas the other two saponins did not show any activity up to 50 ppm after 24 hours exposure. Different concentrations of the crude and the isolated saponins were evaluated against S. mansoni free larval stages (cercariae and miracidia). Hatchability of S. mansoni ova was markedly depressed when exposed to 6 ppm of compound III. The infection rate of B. alexandrina snails was significantly reduced when snails were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of the dry plant powder. Determination of the acute oral toxicity of F. selloea methanol extract against mice was carried out. When three groups of mice infected with S. mansoni were treated orally with a single dose of 2500 mg/kg of F. selloea methanol extract either at 2, 4 or 7 weeks post infection, the reduction rate in worm load was significantly lower when compared to infected untreated control.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65283.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65283_0d990e63e0d3273002ff037d769e989d.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Masri, R. and Al-Mardini, M.}, title = {STABILITY-INDICATING HPLC ASSAY METHOD OF LOVASTATIN}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {185-189}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65287}, abstract = {An HPLC assay method for determining of lovastatin in the presence of its degradation products was validated under acidic, basic, hydrogen peroxide, high temperature, and photoirradiated conditions. The HPLC system consisted of a Lichrospher 100 RP-18 (5µm) column, and a guard column of Lichro CART (150x 3.9) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-phosphoric acid(0.1%) (50:50,v/v) with UV detection at 238 nm. The results indicate that the established assay method is suitable for stability measurements of lovastatin. From the stress treatments, lovastatin was determined to be sensitive to the light, acidic, and basic medium.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65287.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65287_a2b473588d03964a4f1a052a3846867e.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, A. and El-Koussi, N. and Mohamed, N.}, title = {CHEMOMETRICS ASSISTED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN FLUOROQUINOLONES AND THEIR DECARBOXYLATED DEGRADANTS}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {191-198}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65289}, abstract = {Simple multivariate spectrophotometric procedure for simultaneous determination of levofloxacin and norfloxacin as representative examples of fluoroquinolones and their decarboxylated degradation products is described. The method is based on the spectrophotometric measurements of the studied drugs and their degradants in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solutions in the general range of 200-370 nm together with multivariate calibration analysis. The components of mixtures composed of either levofloxacin or norfloxacin and the corresponding degradant. show a considerable degree of spectral overlapping (85.1-87.4%). Resolution of the binary mixtures under investigation has been accomplished mainly by using classical least squares (CLS) analysis. The method is applied successfully for determination of each drug in pure form, laboratory prepared degraded samples and in expired commercial dosage forms and good recoveries were obtained. Results were compared to those obtained by reported procedures for the same combinations and the required statistical parameters were calculated. The degradation rates for the studied drugs at 150° in 2 M HCl were also studied using the proposed procedure. The calculated first order rate constants for the decarboxylation of the studied drugs were found 0.109 and 0.082 hour-1 and the t1/2 were 6.32 and 8.50 hours for levofloxacin and norfloxacin respectively}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65289.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65289_2bd007689427444dc3dabf1921957e1e.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Mawla, A. and Ahmed, A. and Ibraheim, Z. and Ernst, L.}, title = {PHENYLETHANOID GLYCOSIDES FROM BARLERIA CRISTATA L. CALLUS CULTURES}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {199-204}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65382}, abstract = {Three phenylethanoid glycosides viz; -[(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-(4′َ′-O-caffeoyl)--D-glucoside (desrhamnosylacteoside) (1),  -[(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-(3′′-O-Lrhamnosyl)-(4′′-O-caffeoyl)- -D-glucoside (acteoside) (2) and  -[(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-(3′′,6′′-O-L-dirhamnosyl)-(4′′-O-caffeoyl)- -D-glucoside (poliumoside) (3) were isolatedand identified from the callus cultures of Barleria cristata L.The structures of the isolatedcompounds were established by spectroscopic evidence (UV, 1D and 2D-NMR and ESIMS),further confirmation has been done by comparison with authentic samples. The amount ofcompounds 1-3 were determined in the callus culture using HPLC.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65382.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65382_7c290467560d93d1fd053dd13302665c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-ElGawad, A. and Sakr, F. and Borg, Th. and Abu-Hashim, I.}, title = {PHONOPHORESIS OF THEOPHYLLINE THROUGH CELLOPHANE MEMBRANE AND RABBIT SKIN}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {205-211}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65383}, abstract = {The influence of ultrasound waves upon the permeation of theophylline throughcellophane membrane and rabbit skin was studied in vitro. Sonication was carried out withcontinuous mode at intensities (0.5, 1, 1.5, & 2 W/cm2) at constant frequency 800 KHz for onehour. Different gel formulations with (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose and carbopol 934P) in different concentrations (1-4% w/w) wereutilized. Phonophoresis of theophylline through rabbit skin were significantly less than thatobtained with the cellophane membrane. Ultrasound application has showed a significantincrease in the amount of theophylline permeation with increasing intensity. For all the testedgelling agents, the amount of drug released was decreased by increasing polymerconcentrations. The Flux values were 5.99, 3.69 & 2.4 (μg/min cm2) for 2% HPMC, 4% NaCMC and 2% carbopol 934P gels respectively. It was found that drug release from HPMC gelsobeys Zero-Order model while its release from Na CMC & carbopol 934P were fitted withFirst-Order and Higuchi-diffusion model respectively.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65383.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65383_a33564430e18fd21a763a1a26474fe89.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Moty, S. and Abdel-Aal, A. and Kafafy, A. and El-Shorbagi, A.}, title = {SYNTHESIS OF CERTAIN 2-AROYLINDOLE DERIVATIVES OF POTENTIAL ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {213-223}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65396}, abstract = {In the present study, a series of 2-aroylindole derivatives were synthesized by phase transfer catalysis (PTC) and were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral and Elemental analysis. Indole derivatives 6a-g, 7a-f, 8a-f and 9a-13a were tested for analgesic activity using hot-plate test. Compounds 7b and 8b were tested for antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity using yeast induced hyperthermia and paw edema in rats. Analgesic activity was shown when indole nucleus was substituted at position 2 and 3 by phenyl and (p-halo)benzoyl moieties respectively, where highest activity was recognised in compounds 7b and 8b. Both compounds also exhibited faster, more effective and prolonged reduction in hyperthermia and edema induced in rats compared with indomethacin. Compounds 7b and 8b were also tested for ulcerogenic activity in mice, where a lower ulcerogenic effect was observed compared with indomethacin at all tested dose levels.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65396.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65396_29886d74478e4256c1db9848b95fcd99.pdf} } @article { author = {Emara, K. and Refaat, I. and Abdel-Wadood, H. and Hassan, M.}, title = {OXIDIZED DIPHENYLAMINE AS A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC REAGENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOME PHARMACEUTICAL THIOLS AND THIOAMIDES}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {225-236}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65397}, abstract = {Oxidized diphenylamine is newly utilized as a redox spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of six pharmaceutically important thiol and thioamide drugs named: acetylcystiene, captopril, carbimazole, propylthiouracil, thiopental sodium, and tiopronin. The method is based on measurement of the decrease in absorption intensity of the oxidized diphenylamine (diphenylbenzidine violet, λmax= 580 nm) reagent as a result of the reduction effect of the analysed drugs. This reagent was instantaneously prepared by the oxidation of diphenylamine using ferric sulphate in sulphuric acid medium. The molar ratio of the chromogen reagent was determined to be 2:1; diphenylamine : iron (III). The decrease in colour intensity was found to be quantitatively dependant on drug concentration. Experimental variables including reagent concentration, acid type and concentration, dilution solvent, reaction time, temperature and stability were studied and optimized. Validation parameters including linearity range, detection and quantitation limits, precision, selectivity and robustness were evaluated. The proposed method was found to be simple, sensitive and accurate one indicated by the studied validation parameters. Good recoveries (98.0  0.14 – 100%,  0.98) were obtained by the suggested method and it was applied for the determination of the studied drugs in many pharmaceutical dosage forms available in the local market. Good agreement, indicated by acceptable t- & F- tests, was found between results obtained by the suggested method and those obtained by the reported or pharmacopoeial methods.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65397.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65397_b79f2fd385bdfc6a2bb786d34d9be1a0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdu-Allah, H. and Abdel-Moty, S. and El-Shorbagi, A. and Abdel-Alim, A.}, title = {SYNTHESIS OF TRIGONELLINE AND NICOTINAMIDE LINKED PRODRUGS OF 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID (5-ASA) WITH ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {237-253}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65398}, abstract = {3-N-(4`-Hydroxy-3`-substituted phenyl)carbamoyl-1-methylpyridinium iodides (compds. 5b-j) and 3-carbamoyl-1-(N-(4`-hydroxy- 3`-substituted phenyl)carbamoyl) methyl pyridinium chlorides (compds. 7a-j) were synthesised and some of them were tested for their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities by hot plate test and carageenin-induced hind paw edema model, respectively. Compound 5b revealed the most potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in comparison to sulfasalazine (SASP) and 5-ASA. In addition, ulcerogenicity, LD50, in-vivo and in vitro cleavage and pH stability of compound 5b were also determined.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65398.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65398_f73602adca28cf89c50b5f98fd98f6cf.pdf} } @article { author = {Radwan, A. and Hussein, N.}, title = {SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME 3-(1-PHENYLETHYL)-5-SUBSTITUTED-2H-TETRAHYDRO-1,3,5THIADIAZINE-2-THIONE DERIVATIVES}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {225-260}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65401}, abstract = {In a search for potential antimicrobial compounds thirteen new 3-(1-phenylethyl)-5substituted-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones were synthesized by the reaction of  phenethylamine with carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxide, followed by formaldehyde and the appropriate alkyl, aralkylamines, glycine or ethyl glycinate (Scheme 1). The chemical structure of the synthesized compounds was elucidated by spectral data and elemental analysis. The title compounds were tested, in vitro, for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and some fungi, using agar disc method. The antimicrobial activity was found to be affected by the bulkiness of the side chain and presence of polar group at N5 position. The highest activity was obtained with compounds 4l and 4m (R= CH2-COOH, CH2COOC2H5).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65401.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65401_bc7e3925ff52cd6b117bea403cc832cb.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, D.}, title = {LIGNANS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF HAPLOPHYLLUM TUBERCULATUM (FORSSK) A. JUSS}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {261-267}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65402}, abstract = {Bioassay-guided investigation of the aerial parts of Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk) A. Juss grown in Egypt led to the isolation and characterization of two lignans, 1 and 2 [(  )secoisolariciresinol]. The structural mapping of the isolated compounds was established on the basis of intensive 1D and 2D NMR studies. The anticancer activity of the isolated compounds was reported.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65402.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65402_178926ec18b81f3ab8a665068a618a3a.pdf} } @article { author = {Aly, A. and Osman, A. and Abo El-Maali, N. and Al-Hazmi, G.}, title = {THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TETRACYCLINE AND CEPHALOSPORINS METAL COMPLEXES}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {269-276}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65403}, abstract = {Thermal behaviour of tetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline dihydrate, Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of tetracycline and Zn(II) complexes of some cephalosporin antibiotics, namely cephalexin, cephapirin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The TG curves exhibit several thermal events indicating that the thermal decomposition of these compounds are not simple. The kinetic parameters for steps appropriate for kinetic analysis were evaluated making use of the Coats-Redfern equation. During the thermal decomposition of tetracycline hydrochloride anhydrotetracycline was proposed to be formed as an intermediate due to the elimination of water.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65403.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65403_6af9de7eb9dccaf9fd69f8547f25458e.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Joudi, F. and Ghazal, A.}, title = {THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN RAMADI, IRAQ}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {277-291}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65404}, abstract = {Intestinal parasitic infection was investigated in Ramadi, Iraq, during the period extending from 1992 until 1997. A total number of 6330 cases were included in the study. Giardia lamblia was found to be the most prevalent parasite with an infection rate of 34.50% in the first period of study (1992-1994) and 56.2% in the second period of study (1995-1997). Giardiasis had higher incidence during hot seasons. This infection is acquired in early age (110 years).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65404.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65404_caa4cc68c1b76436fea43c4377651d47.pdf} } @article { author = {EL-Badry, M. and Hussein, N.}, title = {FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CROCONAZOL HYDROCHLORIDE TOPICAL GELS}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {283-289}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65405}, abstract = {This study was designed to evaluate different polymers for their suitability as a vehicles for topical drug delivery systems. Croconazol hydrochloride is an azol derivative used as antimycotic agent. It was incorporated in this vehicles as a gel forms in a concentration of 1.0% w/w. Polymers used in this study are methylcellulose (MC), Tylose (Ty), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Pluronic F-127 (pl. F-127), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Carbopol 974P (Carb.) and Eudispert mv. (Eud). They were used in a suitable concentration for gel formulation. In-vitro release characteristics of the drug from different gels were carried out using dialysis membrane in phosphate buffer pH 5.2. The release data were treated with various kinetic principles to assess the relevant parameters. The general rank order of Croconazol hydrochloride release from the prepared gel were MC > Ty > pl. F-127 > PVA > Carb > Eud > PEG. The results showed that, the release of drug from the prepared gels obeyed the diffusion model (Higuchi’s equation). Some kinetic parameters were calculated such as diffusion coefficient, permeability coefficient and the partition coefficient. The results indicated a direct dependence of the release rate on the diffusion coefficient. The influence of initial drug concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% w/w), and pl F-127 concentration (20, 25, 30% w/v) on the release patterns was studied. The obtained data revealed an inverse correlation between the drug release rate and the pluronic F-127 concentration and a direct correlation between the drug release rate and the initial drug concentration. The anti-fungal activity of the different gel formulations was evaluated by agar-cup plate technique using five fungal species. The results obtained indicated that, all gel formulations have good anti-fungal activities.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65405.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65405_5f37ce60d9c242cf1d5bc1d818bb17c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Semreen, M.}, title = {OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF KETOTIFEN FUMARATE IN A PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION}, journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {291-296}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {1110-0052}, eissn = {3009-7703}, doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2005.65406}, abstract = {A reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of ketotifen fumarate in a pharmaceutical formulation? The drug was chromatographed on reversed-phase C18 column, using mixtures of phosphate buffer/acetonitrile. The eluents were monitored at different wavelengths. The method was validated statistically for its linearity, accuracy, robustness and precision. Experimental design was used during validation to evaluate method robustness and for the determination of intermediate precision. Factors examined for statistical approaches include; laboratory, day, analyst, instrument, percentage of organic modifier, wavelength and flow-rate. Due to its simplicity and accuracy, the method percentage may be used for routine quality control analysis.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65406.html}, eprint = {https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_65406_d7617f7822cbb4998d65082da2e84456.pdf} }