eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
1110-0052
3009-7703
2013-06-01
36
1
1
9
10.21608/bfsa.2013.63194
63194
Original Article
MACROLIDE RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN PATIENTS WITH OTITIS MEDIA
Nabila Rashwan
1
Amany Thabet
2
Noha Afifi
3
Michael Agban
4
Rehab Mousa
5
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Al-Azher University Hospital, Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
This study was performed on 317 patients attended to pediatric and ENT- OutpatientClinics at Al- Azhar University Hospital of Assiut during 2 years from 2009-2011, samples werecollected from middle ear fluid, 161 patients were males and 156 were females, patients were ofdifferent ages ranges from 6 months to 75 years old, children under 10 years represented 53.3%(169) of total patients in this study. The objectives were to determine the macrolide resistance ofisolated Strept. pneumoniae. Out of the 317 cases of otitis media, 78 isolates of Strept.pneumoniae were obtained (24.6%). Out of them 66 isolates were from 196 cases of acute otitismedia (33.7%) and 12 isolates were from 121 cases of chronic otitis media (9.9%). There were45 isolates from males, while 33 were from females. Most isolates were taken from patientsunder 10 years old (51 isolates). Sensitivity pattern of Streptococcus pneumonia showed that30.7%, 26.9% and 24.4% were resistant to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycinrespectively. As previous findings proved that pneumococci resistant to erythromycin havemainly one or both distinct resistance determinants either erm(B) or mef(E). PCR was done todetect these genes in isolates (24) erythromycin resistance, it was observed that 33.3%harbored mef genes, 8.3% erm genes and 41.6% both mef and erm genes. erm B & mef E geneswere detected using agarose gel electrophoresis at 224 and 347 bp respectively
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_63194_15fd639ca0cb3af8cdd07c77e671156f.pdf
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
1110-0052
3009-7703
2013-06-01
36
1
11
22
10.21608/bfsa.2013.63195
63195
Original Article
PHARMACEUTICAL AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF INTRAVENOUS ADMIXTURE OF DOBUTAMINE AND DOPAMINE USED IN TREATMENT HYPOTENSION IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Ahmed El-Sayed
ahmed.abotaleb@pharm.aun.edu.eg
1
Mohamed Abd El-Mohsen
2
Mohamed Mohamed
3
Nafisa Rafat
4
Ola Sayed
5
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
El-Azhar University Pharmacy, Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
The aim of this study was to evaluate compatibility and stability of the maximumconcentration used for binary admixture containing dobutamine and dopamine in 5% glucose.The maximum concentration of each drug was 5.76 mg/ml of dobutamine and 2.88 mg/ml ofdopamine in 50 ml of 5% glucose. The physical compatibility of binary admixtures was assessedusing visual inspection and pH determination immediately after preparation (at 0 time) andafter 24 hrs. The chemical stability was assessed using high performance thin layerchromatoghraphy (HPTLC). The method is based on HPTLC separation of the two drugsfollowed by densitometric measurements of their spots at 254 nm using Camag TLC Scanner 3.The mobile phase comprised ethyl acetate : n-propanol : water : glecial acetic acid (60:24:9:3,v/v/v/v). The results revealed that no precipitation, gas evaluation, color change, pH change orchemical incompatibility were observed over the entire time of mixing of two drugs in 5%glucose solution.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_63195_44ab660d1633c2768185b73aa944e0e1.pdf
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
1110-0052
3009-7703
2013-06-01
36
1
23
30
10.21608/bfsa.2013.63196
63196
Original Article
ESTABLISHMENT OF CALLUS AND CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES OF CASSIA BICAPSULARIS L.
Iman Abdel-Rahman
1
Afaf Abdel-Baky
2
Ezz El-Din Desoky
3
Amany Ahmed
4
Ludger Beerhues
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Callus cultures were initiated from leaf of Cassia bicapsularis L. on solid Murashige &Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different growth regulators. Excellent growth ofcallus was obtained in medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and grown in the dark. The obtained callus was subcultured every 4 weeks in the dark at25°C. The Callus was compact, yellowish brown in colour and used for establishment of cellsuspension cultures. Maximum growth of suspension cultures was achieved in mediumsupplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/l kinetin. The growth rate of cells was initially slowbut as the cultures proceeded, the growth increased significantly over a period of 22 days thenthe growth of cells was stable for 35 days.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_63196_5577d7ece8c033fb1ed6353664ba61f4.pdf
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
1110-0052
3009-7703
2013-06-01
36
1
31
47
10.21608/bfsa.2013.63197
63197
Original Article
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ACYCLOVIR MICROEMULSIONS
Certain oils and surfactants were screened to select the most suitable ones for thepreparation of microemulsions. Labrafil M 1944 CS®, Labrafil M 2125 CS® and Capryol 90®were selected as oils while Tween 80 was selected as a surfactant. Tween 80 was mixed with nbutanol(n-Bu) at different w/w ratios (Km) 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 as surfactant to cosurfactant(S/CoS) respectively. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using the selected oils(Labrafil M 1944 CS®, Labrafil M 2125 CS® and Capryol 90®) with the different Km ratios.Microemulsion formulations were prepared using Labrafil M 1944 CS®, Tween 80 and n-Buwith Km 2:1. The physicochemical characteristics involving viscosity, refractive index (RI),conductivity and pH were determined for these systems. In addition, the solubility of acyclovirin the prepared microemulsion systems (MEs) was measured. Acyclovir was incorporated tothree MEs (ME10, ME50 and ME80) representing three different regions in the phase diagram;water in oil (w/o), bicontinuous (Bc) and oil in water (o/w) respectively. All of the preparedformulations were subjected to thermodynamic stability studies. The droplets size,polydispersity index (PDI) and zetapotential (ZP) of both before and after drug incorporationwere determined. Acyclovir release from drug loaded MEs was determined and the kinetic ofthe release data was calculated.The conductivity and viscosity results proved the presence of three regions in the phasediagram (w/o, Bc and o/w). The refractive index showed that the prepared MEs weretransparent and isotropic. All the formulations were thermodynamically stable. The droplet sizeof drug loaded MEs was higher than that of corresponding unloaded ones but all have dropletsize in nano range. PDI was found to be less than 0.5 and ZP in the range of -0.101 to 2.5 mV.Release of acyclovir from ME80 (0.1, 1.99, 17.98 and 79.92 w/w for acyclovir, oil, S/CoS andwater respectively) was the highest among the other ones. Model of non-Fickian "anomalous"transport release was the mechanism of drug release from the selected MEs.In conclusion, stable isotropic microemulsion systems using Labrafil M 1944 CS®, Tween80 and n-butanol as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively with Km 2:1 could beformulated. The viscosity and electric conductivity results proved the presence of three areas;w/o, Bc and o/w in phase diagram. Acyclovir could be loaded into different microemulsionsystems. The percent drug release increased by increasing the water content of microemulsion.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_63197_00a2581ca2e76283d5c6d5687621cb09.pdf
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
1110-0052
3009-7703
2013-06-01
36
1
49
57
10.21608/bfsa.2013.63198
63198
Original Article
EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF ALBENDAZOLE AND OXYTETRACYCLINE VETERINARY PRODUCTS MARKETED IN SUDAN
Yagoub Yagoub
1
Siham Abdoun
2
Hisham Seri
3
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gingko Investment Co, LTD-Sudan
National Drug Quality Control Laboratory, National Medicine and Poisons Board, Sudan
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology
The effect of storage conditions on the stability of albendazole and oxytetracyclineveterinary products marketed in Sudan was evaluated.Stability of Albendazole suspension and Oxytetracycline injectable solution has beeninvestigated under two different storage conditions, according to the ICH guidelines for thedrug stability testing.The change in colour (using visual inspection), pH value (using pH meter) and thedegradation process by an HPLC method, was monitored at different time points. Investigateddrugs were stored in two different stores. The first one (A) is equipped with controlledtemperature and humidity control systems. The second one (B) was a veterinary pharmacyselected randomly from East Nile locality. The temperature and humidity in the stores A and Bwere monitored and recorded daily using hygrometer for I year.At the beginning of the study all products were proved to be compatible with therecommendations of the manufacturers. There was no change in the colour of albendazoleduring the nine months at both stores. The pH values in the first store expressed noticeablereduction, although it is still within the recommended range. Following nine months storage thedrug content of albendazole was reduced below the recommended level. In the second store (B),there was no change in the colour of both albendazole products tested. There was considerablechange in pH value during the nine months storage, but still it is within the recommended level.The active pharmaceutical ingredient concentration (assay %), of albendazole fell below therecommended level (USP) following storage for nine months.In the first store (A), the two oxytetracycline products expressed no change in colour andthere was slight reduction in pH level (but still within the recommended level) within the sixmonths storage period. The experiment was terminated just after six months due to thereduction of the active ingredient concentration (assay %) below the recommended level. In thesecond store (B), there is only change in the colour in one of the products following six monthsstorage. pH level also here expressed moderate reduction, but still in the recommended range.The concentration (assay %), of oxytetracycline expressed prominent reduction followingstorage for six months.The obtained results are of interest for stability studies and/or quality control purposes ofAlbendazole and Oxytetracycline commercial products. Here we could conclude that, the twoveterinary drugs evaluated in this study (albendazole and oxytetracycline) proved to be unstableunder environmental conditions in veterinary pharmacies in Khartoum state, Sudan.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_63198_7673288b700c05abfb31a2cecc7a0fd7.pdf
eng
Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assiut University
1110-0052
3009-7703
2013-06-01
36
1
59
91
10.21608/bfsa.2013.63199
63199
Original Article
MACRO- AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL.
Maher El-Domiaty
1
Mahmoud Abdel Aal
2
Zeinab El-Sayed
3
Nora Wasfey
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig Univeristy, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig Univeristy, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig Univeristy, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig Univeristy, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Macro- and micromorphological study of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., wascarried out with the aim of finding out the characteristic features of the different organs of theplant in both entire and powdered forms.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_63199_861001451bb2e9f96686970c7afff291.pdf