ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MACRO- AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF THE LEAVES, INFLORESCENCES AND FRUITS OF FICUS SYCOMORUS L. CULTIVATED IN EGYPT: PART 1
Ficus sycomorus L. (gimmeiz) belongs to family Moraceae. The leaves and fruits have been used in the treatment of tuberculosis, inflammations, dysentery, diarrhea, cough and chest diseases. No detailed information could be traced concerning the macro- and micromorphology of the leaves, inflorescences and fruits of the plant, so this study is performed with the aim of finding their characters by which they could be identified and differentiated, in both the entire and powdered forms.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_62618_58428eaf0df4543e4d5550f914da59c8.pdf
2014-06-30
1
25
10.21608/bfsa.2014.62618
Samia
El-Sayyad
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Makboul
Makboul
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Salwa
Farag
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rofida
Ali
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PREVALENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA INFECTIONS IN ASSIUT UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrug-resistant global opportunistic pathogenand isacquiring increasing importance as a nosocomial pathogen.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial S. maltophilia infections and the important risk factors associated with such infections in Assiut University Hospitals.
This study included 362 patients with nosocomial infections admitted to different wards and intensive care units (ICU) from March 2011 to March 2012. A total of 690 different clinical samples according to the site of infection were collected from them. The samples were processed and diagnosed by conventional bacteriological methods.
A total of 35 strains of S. maltophilia were isolated from 362 patients (9.6%). The commonest clinical manifestations were lower respiratory tract infections (71.43%), wound infections (17.14%), bacteraemia (8.57%) and urinary tract infections (2.86%). The chest ICU showed the highest percentage of isolation (14.75%). Previous antibiotic intake was found to be a significant risk factor for nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.
We conclude that nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections are significant in Assiut University Hospitals with lower respiratory tract infections being the commonest and previous antibiotic intake an important risk factor.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_62619_0ca84d7de3b8bcb9cf50a418c5fc15d0.pdf
2014-06-30
27
32
10.21608/bfsa.2014.62619
Amany
Thabit
1
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Enas
Deaf
2
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nahla
Elsherbiny
3
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Wageah
4
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF A COLON DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING DIFLUNISAL
Oral drug delivery is the most desirable and preferred method of administering therapeutic agents for providing both systemic and local effects in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on controlling the site and/or rate of drug release from oral formulations to improve treatment efficacy and patient compliance. Many novel oral drug therapeutic systems have been invented like fast release, targeted release and colon specific drug delivery systems etc.. During the last decade there has been an interest in developing site specific formulations for targeting to the colon. The delivery of drugs to the colon has a number of therapeutic implications in the field of drug delivery. Localized delivery of the drugs in the colon is possible only when the drug is protected from the hostile environment of upper GIT. The various approaches that can be exploited to target the release of drug to colon include prodrugs, coating with pH sensitive polymers, coating with biodegradable, timed release systems, osmotic and bioadhesive polymers.
In the present study, solid dispersions of pH-dependent, time dependent and combined pH- and time-dependent systems were formulated using Eudragit RS100, Eudragit S100, Eudragit L100 and ethylcellulose, with different drug-to-polymer ratios. They were evaluated for their in-vitro release characteristics in an attempt to develop a colon-specific delivery system containing Diflunisal. Release studies of Diflunisal and Diflunisal solid dispersion systems with different polymers were employed using Release apparatus, USP (paddle type) (copley, England) showed that, the combination of pH- and time-dependent systems provided better results than the pH-dependent or the time dependent system alone. Using Eudragit S100 and Eudragit RS100 with Diflunisalin a ratio 2:3:1, respectively for preparing a solid dispersion used for developing a colon-specific delivery system of Diflunisal was the most successful formula. This formula released 0.22±0.03% of the drug included in it in the stomach pH and 26.29±0.91% of the drug in the intestine pH and 77.59±1.79% of the drug in the colon pH.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_62620_c35b69efc654e0ee6effddae09b86e79.pdf
2014-06-30
33
49
10.21608/bfsa.2014.62620
Esmat
Zein El Din
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gamal
El Maghraby
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Donia
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samar
Mayah
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ANTIBIOTIC DISPENSING WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION IN JORDANIAN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES: A PHARMACIST’S PERSPECTIVE
The sale of antibiotics without medical prescriptions has been recognized as a major source of drug misuse and medication risk in Jordan. This practice constitutes one of the major causes of the on going problem of antibiotic resistance. This study provides a pharmacist perspective on the problem through presenting the most common antibiotics dispensed, the related indications, and pharmacists proposed solutions to this problem in the city of Amman, Jordan. This was achieved by means of a structured questionnaire prepared by the investigators and completed by the pharmacists themselves. It was suggested that the problem at hand can be overcome through the enforcement of laws to control such practice. Also, increasing awareness among patients and pharmacists, and empowering pharmacists to play more active role in patients care are important steps that will contribute in minimizing this practice.
https://bpsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_62622_38cb69ff97aadab66d4b00f5b10a4c37.pdf
2014-06-30
51
63
10.21608/bfsa.2014.62622
Amjad
Abuirmeileh
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
AUTHOR
Sondos
Samara
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
AUTHOR
Alaa
Alkhodari
3
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
AUTHOR
Anas
Bahnassi
4
Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy – Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Talhouni
5
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
AUTHOR
Alaa
Hayallah
6
Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR