The macro-and micrtomorphology of the root, stem and leaf of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. cultivated in Egypt are presented aiming for their identification both in entire and powdered form.
The macro-and micrtomorphology of the root, stem and leaf of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. cultivated in Egypt are presented aiming for their identification both in entire and powdered form.
The macro-and micromorphology of the flower, fruit and seeds and of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are presented to show the diagnostic characters of these organs by which they could be identified and differentiated in the entire and powdered form.
The hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid, ASA, in buffered solution of Polyoxyethylene stearates (Myrj 52, Myrj 53,and Myrj 59) has been studied at 37°C and over a pH range 1 through 2. The observed rate constant, Kobs, for ASA was found to be reduced markedly with an increase in Myrj concentration. The distribution coefficient of ASA between the micellar and pseudo aqueous phases has been estimated. It was found to be parallel with both the length of POE chain and the hydrogen ion concentration. The data revealed that the hydrolysis of ASA occurred mainly in the bulk aqueous phase, but at lower pH value, the contribution of hydrogen ion catalyzed reaction within the micelles becomes significant. The hydrolytic rate constant for ASA within the micelles, Km, has been calculated and was found to increase in the following ranked order: Myrj 52 > Myrj 53 > Myrj 59.
A number of both hydrophilic and lipophilic surface active agents was employed for preparing simple o/w and multiple w/o/w emulsion systems. The dynamic dialyses 06 xylocaine HCl from its aqueous, micellar solutions and o/w as well as w/o/w emulsion system were studied. The transfer of xylocaine HCl across standard cellophane membrane was fund to follow the diffusion system were controlled mechanism. The data revealed that, the nature of surfactant and emulsion type had a significant role in diffusion of the drug molecules. Generally, the release pattern of the drug from micellar solution or emulsion systems was less than that of the control. In a blind-controlled clinical study, four coded w/o/w and two coded o/w emulsions of 2.5% xylocaine HCl were compared with an aqueous solution of the drug at the same concentration. The longest mean of surface anaesthetic duration, 9,8, minutes was attained with w/o/w emulsion formed of span 60 as a lipophilic emulsifier and Myrj 52 as a hydrophilic one. The clinical application of emulsion formulations in human eyes was found to prolong the mean anaesthetic duration, decrease the eye irritation and improve the performance of the needed clinical manoeuvres.
The effect of various additives on the release of dexamethazone from different ointment bases was investigated. It was found that the rate of dexamethazone release was greater from water-soluble base and oil-in-water emulsion ointment base than from oleaginous, absorption or water-in-oil emulsion bases. Propylene glycol followed by glycerin exhibited the best effect on the amount of drug release with the different concentrations used. The incorporation of water-in-oil emulsion base decreased the rate of drug release (even less than the control) than any of the other additives. It was also concluded that the best release of dexamethazone was obtained from the bases which were of similar nature to the diffusion medium. Other factors such as the characteristics of bases and the additives as well as their effect upon the solubility of the drug in the mixture may play a part.
The macro-and micro-morphology of the stem and leaf of Polygonum salicifolium, Brouss ex Wilid growing in Egypt are presented with the view of determining the diagnostic feature by the organs can be identified both in the entire and powdered forms.
Four saponins were isolated from the overground parts of Z. album L. along with b-sitosterol-b-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were identified as 14-decarboxyquinovic acid-0-(3®1)-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), quinovic acid-(28®1)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (2), which is new; quinovic acid-o-(3®1)-a-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) and quinovic acid-o-(3®1)-b-D-rhamnopyranoside (4). This identification was based on chemical studies. Glc, Gc/Ms and Mass spectral analysis.
Daucoglabrin is a new phenyl propanoid isolated from the aerial parts of Daucus glaber (Forssk) Tell. Its structure was established, based on chemical and spectral data as: 2-[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-chlrobutanoyloxy]-1-[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenoyloxy)-butanoyloxy]-1-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy phenyl) propane.
Indomethacin microspheres were prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation method. Ethylcellulose was used as the matrix material at 1:1 drug/polymer ratio. The prepared microspheres was tested for drug content, dissolution characteristics, anti-inflammatory effect in rats and for their possible gastric effect in rabbits .A controlled release pattern of the medicament was found to be existed from the prepared microspheres. The prepared microspheres gave an anti-inflammatory effect in rats as that produced by the intact medicament. Histological examination of rabbit's stomach proved the superiority of the tested microsphere over the intact drug.
The utilization of cellulose acetate butyrate films as a topical drug delivery system for chloramphenicol and lignocaire hydrochloride was investigated. The effect of plasticizers and drug concentration on the In-Vitro release of drug as well as on the physicomechanical properties of the films have been examined. The drug release data were kinetically studied and were found to follow the diffusion controlled release model. The incorporation of either dimethyl phthalate or diethyl phthalate afforded the optimum rates of release and optimum water vapor transmission rates and exhibited acceptable mechanical properties. The release rate of chloramphenicol was found markedly higher than that of lignocaine hydrochloride. The effect of plasticizers on drug release is more pronounced in case f water insoluble drug than the water soluble one.