Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt -Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61511, Egypt
4
School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt - Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
5
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Abstract
The absence of novel antimicrobials is a main cause of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance has been evolved because of a variety of methods such as enzyme inactivation, reduced cell permeability, target mutation, changed target site/enzyme, and efflux pump overexpression. Using a combination of two antimicrobials drugs lead to an increase of the spectrum of antibiotics against multi drug resistance bacteria and a decrease in the emergence of resistant mutants. Despite of several advantages of using a combination of antibiotics, resistance can develop during treatment. Encapsulation of antimicrobials within the nanoparticles was proven to reduce the antimicrobial resistance by increasing the intracellular bioavailability of antimicrobial drugs through decreasing the development of resistant mutants and inhibiting the efflux pump. In this review, we will summarize the antimicrobial resistance, use of combined therapy and the use of antimicrobials- loaded nanoparticles and their application in the future to fight multidrug resistant bacteria.
Keywords
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