STANDARDIZATION AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF KERSEN (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L.) FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT AS AN HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department Pharmacetical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

2 Depratment of Parmaceutical Technology, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, 90242, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Kersen (Muntingia calabura) is a plant widely reported to have pharmacological effects so it can be developed as a traditional medicine. This study aims to standardize the ethanol extract of kersen fruit from various locations where it grows in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Standardization-specific parameters were carried out, including organoleptic analysis, phytochemical profiles, water, insoluble ethanol extracts, phenolic content, and total flavonoids. Non-specific parameters include total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water content, drying shrinkage, specific gravity, and heavy metal contamination content of Pb, Cd, and Cu. The ethanol extract of the kersen fruit was also followed by GC-MS analysis. Specific parameters in the chemical content analysis showed the presence of groups of phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. The water-soluble extract content yielded <2%, and the ethanol-soluble extract content was 14-15.12%; The total phenolic content obtained was 11-12.20% EAG; total flavonoids obtained levels of 3-6.34% EQ. Non-specific parameters indicate that the total ash content is 0.19-0.31%; acid-insoluble ash content of 1.09-1.33%; water content <10%; Drying shrinkage <4%; specific gravity of 1.01-1.07 g/mL; total plate number and mold and yeast numbers obtained the number of colonies <20 colonies/g; and the content of Pb, Cd, and Cu respectively obtained levels of 0 mg/Kg. The results of the GC-MS analysis obtained 36 compounds belonging to the benzoate, phenolic, alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, and fatty acid ester groups. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of kersen fruit can be considered a raw material for developing traditional medicine in Indonesia

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